CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE DATASHEET
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION |
|
Chemical name |
Hydrogen peroxide [1] |
Synonyms |
perhydrol, oxydol [2] |
IUPAC name |
peroxol [1] |
CAS No |
7722-84-1 |
REACH registration number |
|
EC No |
231-765-0 |
Molecular formula |
H2O2 [1] |
Substance group/chemical family |
Mono constituent substance/ Inorganic [1] |
Appearance Physical state Odour Form Colour |
Liquid (100%) at 20°C and 1013 hPa [1]
Odourless (100%) [1] Slightly sharp odor [2]
colourless [2] |
USES AND HANDLING ISSUES |
|
Relevant identified uses |
This substance is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products, semiconductors, metal working fluids, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), laboratory chemicals, leather treatment products, lubricants and greases, paper chemicals and dyes, textile treatment products and dyes and water treatment chemicals. [1]
Hydrogen peroxide is an important commercial chemical. It is used as a bleaching or deodorizing agent in foods, textiles and personal care items. It is used in wastewater treatment, to make other chemicals and for chemical analysis. A form of hydrogen peroxide is used in rocket propulsion. Hydrogen peroxide is used in making wine and as a seed disinfectant. It is also used on indoor and outdoor crops and certain crops after harvesting to control fungi and bacteria. [2] |
Handling considerations |
ECHA has no data from registration dossiers on the precautionary measures for using this substance. [1] Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Keep in the dark. Store in vented containers. Store only if stabilized. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Recommended storage temperature 2 - 8 °C. /Hydrogen peroxide solution (>/= 30% to <50%) [2] Store in original closed container. Be sure that the container vent is working properly. Do not add any other compound to the container. When empty, flush container thoroughly with clean water. [2] Fire prevention: NO contact with hot surfaces. NO contact with incompatible materials: See Chemical Dangers Exposure prevention: PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR! Inhalation prevention: Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection. Skin prevention: Protective gloves. Protective clothing. Eye prevention: Wear safety goggles or face shield. Ingestion prevention: Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. [2] |
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES |
|
Molecular weight |
34.015 g/mol [2] |
Bulk density/Specific gravity |
1.442 (relative density) at 20°C [1] |
pH |
Weak acid; H2O2 conc. wt% = 35, 50, 70, 90; corresponding to pH: 4.6, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1 [2] |
Particle size |
|
EC |
|
Melting/Freezing point |
-0.43 °C @ 101.3 kPa [1] |
Boiling point |
150.2 °C @ 101.3 kPa [1] |
Flash point |
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Flammability |
GHS criteria not met (100%) [1] |
Vapour density |
|
Vapour pressure |
2.99 hPa @ 24.85 °C [1] |
Solubility in water |
100 g/L @ 20 °C and pH 7 [1] |
Solubility in organic solvents |
Soluble in ether; insoluble in petroleum ether. Decomposed into water and oxygen by many organic solvents. [2] |
Solubility in inorganic solvents |
Soluble in alcohol [2] |
Hydrolysis |
|
Ionicity in water |
10.54 eV (ionization potential) [2] |
Surface tension |
80.4 mN/m at 20 °C [1] |
Dispersion properties |
|
Explosiveness |
Non-explosive (100%) [1] |
Other properties |
Dynamic viscosity at 20 °C: 1.249 mPa.s [1]
|
Stability and reactivity |
|
Chemical stability |
Oxidising (100%) [1] |
Reactivity hazards |
Strong Oxidizing Agent [2] It will react or decompose violently and exothermically with readily oxidizable materials or alkaline substances. May decompose violently in contact with iron, copper, chromium, and most other metals or their salts, which act as catalysts for this reaction, and with ordinary dust (which frequently contain rust, also a catalyst for this reaction). [2] |
Corrosivity |
Corrosive [2] |
Polimerization |
|
Incompatibility with various substances |
Most cellulose materials contain enough catalyst to cause spontaneous ignition with 90% peroxide. Soluble fuels (acetone, ethanol, and glycerol) will detonate on admixture with peroxide of over 30% concentration, the violence increasing with concentration. [2] Zinc, powdered metals, iron, copper, nickel, brass, iron and iron salts. [2] |
Special remarks on reactivity |
may decompose violently if traces of impurities are present [2] |
Physical, chemical and biological coefficient |
|
Koc |
|
Kow |
Log Kow (Log Pow): -1.57 @ 20 °C [1] |
pKa |
0 at 20 °C [1] 11.62 [2] |
log Kp |
|
Henry-constant |
0.001 Pa m³/mol @ 20 °C [1] |
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BEHAVIOUR |
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Artificial pollution sources |
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and manufacturing of the substance. [1] |
General terrestrial fate |
Hydrogen peroxide is unstable and breaks down rapidly to oxygen and water. Therefore, adsorption to soil, volatilization and biodegradation are not important environmental fate processes in soil. [2] |
General aquatic fate |
Hydrogen peroxide is unstable and breaks down rapidly to oxygen and water. Therefore, adsorption to suspended solids and sediment, volatilization, biodegradation and bioconcentration are not important environmental fate processes in water. [2] |
General atmospheric fate |
Hydrogen peroxide is unstable and breaks down rapidly to oxygen and water. It is expected to be broken down by sunlight. [2] |
General persistence and degradability |
Readily biodegradable in water (100%) [1] |
Abiotic degradation and metabolites |
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Biodegradation and metabolites |
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Bioconcentration |
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Volatilization |
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Photolysis |
Gaseous hydrogen peroxide is a key component and product of the earth's lower atmospheric photochemical reactions, in both clean and polluted atmospheres. Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide is believed to be generated exclusively by gas-phase photochemical reactions. [2] |
Hydrolysis |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS |
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Measured data |
Gaseous hydrogen peroxide is a key component and product of the earth's lower atmospheric photochemical reactions, in both clean and polluted atmospheres. Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide is believed to be generated exclusively by gas-phase photochemical reactions. It has been found in rain and surface water, in human and plant tissues, in foods and beverages and in bacteria. Hydrogen peroxide occurs in cloud water with higher values generally occurring in the vicinity of lightning activity. [2] Gas phase concentrations, determined by a fluorometric method, were always less than 2.4 ppb and generally less than 1 ppb. Vertical profiles of hydrogen peroxide in the clear air around clouds and storm systems were highly variable. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in cloud water ranged from the detection limit of 0.3 uM to 112 uM, with higher values generally occurring in the vicinity of lightning activity. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations in cloud water were well below those calculated to be in Henry's law equilibrium with gas-phase concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the cloudy air. [2] |
ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION |
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General adverse effects on ecosystem |
|
Acute toxicity (LC50, EC50) |
|
Aquatic systems |
LC50: 16.4 mg/L (freshwater fish, 4 days) [1] LC50 (48 h): 2.4 mg/L (aquatic invertebrates) [1] EC50 (72 h): 1.38 mg/L (aquatic algae) [1] EC50 (3 h): 1000 mg/L (microorganisms) [1] |
Terrestrial systems |
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Chronic toxicity (NOEC, LOEC) |
|
Aquatic systems |
NOEC (21 days) 0.630 mg/L, (aquatic invertebrates) [1] LOEC (21 days) 1.25 mg/L, (aquatic invertebrates) [1] |
Terrestrial systems |
|
HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS and PROTECTION |
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Routes of human exposures |
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, by ingestion and through the skin. |
General effects |
Irritation eyes, nose, throat; corneal ulcer; erythema (skin redness), vesiculation skin; bleaching hair, sore throat. Cough. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Shortness of breath. [2] |
Endocrine disruption |
|
Mutagenicity |
It was shown to be mutagenic to bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium) and the fungi, Neurospora crassa and Aspergillis chevallieri, and induced DNA damage in Escheria coli. It also caused sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells in vitro. [2] |
Carcinogenicity |
1 ppm as TWA 8 Time weighted Average); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans). [2] There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of hydrogen peroxide. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of hydrogen peroxide. Overall evaluation: Hydrogen peroxide is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). [2] |
Reprotoxicity |
|
Teratogenicity |
|
Skin, eye and respiratory irritations |
skin, eye and respiratory irritation Pure hydrogen peroxide, its solutions, vapors, and mists are very irritating to body tissue. This irritation can vary from mild to severe depending upon the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. [2] |
Metabolism: absorption, distribution & excretion |
No bioaccumulation potential [1] It is reported that hydrogen peroxide is decomposed before absorption in the intestine. Solutions of hydrogen peroxide displays poor penetration when applied to tissue [2] Hydrogen peroxide is reduced by glutathione peroxidase, which is an endogenous enzyme in human tissue. It is rapidly decomposed to oxygen and water when in contact with catalase, an enzyme found in blood and most tissues. [2] |
Exposure limits |
DNEL: 1.4 mg/m³ (workers, inhalation, long term, local effects, irritation (respiratory tract) DNEL: 210 µg/m³ (general population, inhalation, long term, term, local effects, irritation (respiratory tract) DNEL: 3 mg/m³ (workers, inhalation, acute/short term, local effects, irritation (respiratory tract) DNEL: 1.93 mg/m³ (general population, inhalation, acute/short term, local effects, irritation (respiratory tract) Workers & general population, dermal, acute/short term, local effects, repeated dose toxicity: High hazard (no threshold derived) Workers & general population, eye exposure: High hazard (no threshold derived) [1] |
Drinking water MAC |
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Other information |
OSHA: Permissible exposure limit: 8 hrs Time Weighted Avg: 1 ppm (1.4 mg/cu m) [2] NIOSH: Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 1 ppm (1.4 mg/cu m) [2] Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH): 75 ppm (NIOSH, OSHA) [2] |
Animal toxicity data |
|
Acute toxicity (LD50) |
LD50: 693.7 - 1 270 mg/kg bw (oral route , rat)[1] LD50: 2 000 mg/kg bw (dermal, rabbit) [1] |
Chronic toxicity (NOEL, LOEL) |
NOEL: 100 mg/kg (oral, mouse, repeated dose toxicity NOAEL: 2.9 mg/m³ air (inhalation, rat, repeated dose toxicity) LOAEL: 14.6 mg/m³ air (inhalation, rat, repeated dose toxicity) [1] |
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS |
|
REACH/CLP |
Danger! According to the harmonised classification and labelling (CLP00) approved by the European Union, this substance causes severe skin burns and eye damage, may cause fire or explosion (strong oxidiser), is harmful if swallowed and is harmful if inhaled. Additionally, the classification provided by companies to ECHA in REACH registrations identifies that this substance causes serious eye damage, is harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects and may cause respiratory irritation. [1]
According to REACH registrations: H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. H302: Harmful if swallowed. H332: Harmful if inhaled. H318: Causes serious eye damage. H335: May cause respiratory irritation. H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer. H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.
According to CLP notrifications: H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. H302: Harmful if swallowed. H332: Harmful if inhaled. H318: Causes serious eye damage. H335: May cause respiratory irritation. H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer. H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects. H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. H331: Toxic if inhaled. H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour. H312: Harmful in contact with skin. H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness. |
EINECS regulation |
̵listed on EINECS (European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances) List |
OSHA regulations etc. |
According to OSHA Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics and Reactives, Hydrogen Peroxide (52% by weight or greater) in quantities at or above above 7500lb presents a potential for a catastrophic event as a toxic or reactive highly hazardous chemical. [2] |
OTHER INFORMATION, SPECIAL REMARKS |
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Classification and proposed labelling with regard to toxicological data |
According to EPA Safer chemical: Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern based on experimental and modeled data. [2]
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CREATED, LAST UPDATE |
|
Created |
2019. 12. 05 |
Last update |
2020. 09. 22 |
REFERENCES |
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[1] ECHA, Hydrogen peroxide, https://echa.europa.eu/hu/brief-profile/-/briefprofile/100.028.878 , Accessed 2019. 12. 05 [2] Pubchem, hydrogen peroxide, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Hydrogen-peroxide, Accessed 2020. 09. 22 |