CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE DATASHEET
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION |
|
Chemical name |
Zirconium (elemental) |
Main ions of the substance |
zirconium(II): Zr2+ zirconium(III) Zr3+ zirconium(IV) Zr4+ [7] |
Synonyms |
Zirconium, ion (Zr4+); Zirconium, ion; Zirconium ion (4+); Zirconium(4+), ion [1] |
IUPAC name |
560-633-5 [4] |
CAS No |
15543-40-5 [2] 7440-67-7 [2, 4] |
REACH registration number |
|
EC No |
231-176-9 [4] |
Molecular formula |
Zr |
Substance group/chemical family |
Inorganic compounds -> Homogeneous metal compounds [3] |
Appearance Physical state Odour Form Colour |
solid (at 20°C and 101,3 kPa) [3, 4] odourless [4] amorphous powder or lustrous metal [8, 9] grey-white or bluish-black [8, 9] |
USES AND HANDLING ISSUES |
|
Relevant identified uses |
Zirconium, elemental is used as ingredient of priming or explosive mixtures; flashlight powders; as deoxidizer in metallurgy; as "getter" in vacuum tubes; in constructing rayon spinnerets in lamp filaments, flash bulbs, and nuclear reactors. Pure zirconium is being increasingly used as a corrosion-resistant metal in fabricating columns, pumps, pipe, valves, heat exchangers, and tanks for severe chemical environments, particularly sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, except those containing fluorides. In this capacity, it is also used in facilities producing urea, hydrogen peroxide, methyl methacrylate, or acetic acid. [8] |
Handling considerations |
Avoid contact with the skin and eyes. Avoid impacts and keep away from burning material. |
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES |
|
Molecular weight |
91.224 g/mol [1, 8, 9] |
Bulk density/Specific gravity |
6.51 g/cm3 [7] 6.434g/cm3 at 20°C [4] |
pH |
|
Particle size |
Zirconium powder: D50 76.42 µm, D10 32.64 µm, D90 141.11 µm [4] |
EC |
|
Melting point |
1857 °C [4,9] |
Boiling point |
4406 °C [8, 10] 3577°C [4] |
Flash point |
- |
Flammability |
Zirconium powder is highly flammable [4] relative self-ignition temperature: 389 °C [4] |
Vapour density |
|
Vapour pressure |
Approximately 0 mm Hg [8, 10] |
Solubility in water |
none [4] |
Solubility in organic solvents |
|
Solubility in inorganic solvents |
soluble in hot concentrated acid [8, 10] |
Hydrolysis |
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Ionicity in water |
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Surface tension |
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Dispersion properties |
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Specific surface |
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Stability and reactivity |
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Chemical stability |
Stable in normal pressure and temperature conditions. [4] |
Reactivity hazards |
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Corrosivity |
corrosion resistant [8, 12] |
Polimerization |
|
Incompatibility with various substances |
Reacts violently with borax and carbon tetrachloride when heated. Reacts explosively with alkali metal hydroxides when heated. [11] Water is to be avoided if the substance is burning (explosion risk). [4] |
Special remarks on reactivity |
Zirconium is a very reactive metal that, in air or aqueous solution, immediately develops a surface oxide film. [8, 12] |
Physical, chemical and biological coefficients |
|
Koc |
|
Kow |
|
pKa |
|
Henry-constant |
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ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BEHAVIOUR |
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Artificial pollution sources |
The use and production of zirconium in the aviation, aerospace, chemical and surgical instrument industries, and in nuclear reactor technology may result in the release of zirconium to the environment through various waste streams. [8, 12] |
General terrestrial fate |
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General aquatic fate |
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General atmospheric fate |
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General persistence and degradability |
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Abiotic degradation and metabolites |
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Biodegradation and metabolites |
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Bioconcentration |
Bioaccumulation (in aquatic species (algae) Chlorella emersoni) Zirconium dioxide was tested, pH: 5, 23°C |
Volatilization |
|
Photolysis |
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Hydrolysis |
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Soil adsorption and mobility |
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS |
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Measured data |
soil (Total (ICP-MS): 230 mg/kg [5] water : 2.6 (μg l-1)[6] |
ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION |
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General adverse effects on ecosystem |
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Acute toxicity (LC50, EC50) |
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Aquatic systems
Terrestrial systems |
Fish (Brachydanio rerio) 96-h LL50>74.03 mg Zr/L[4] Daphnia Magna 48-h EC50>74.03mg/L [4] |
Chronic toxicity (NOEC, LOEC) |
|
Aquatic systems
Terrestrial systems |
Fish (Brachydanio rerio) 96 hour NOELR > 74.03 mg Zr/L [4] Daphnia Magna 48-h NOEC > 74.03mg/L [4] Chlorella sp 15 days growth NOEC > 102.5 mgZr/L [4]
Early Seedling (tomato and pea Growth Toxicity Test (7 days) NOEC ≥ 703.4 mg Zr/kg dw (acidic soil) - 450 mg Zr/kg dw (calcareous soil) [4] |
HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS and PROTECTION |
|
Routes of human exposures |
Inhalation risk |
General effects |
Effects of short-term exposure Effects of long-term or repeated exposure |
Endocrine disruption |
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Mutagenicity |
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Carcinogenicity |
A4 not classifiable as a human carcinogen [11] |
Reprotoxicity |
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Teratogenicity |
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Skin, eye and respiratory irritations Metabolism: absorption, distribution & excretion |
May cause mechanical irritation to the eyes. [8, 11] |
Exposure limits |
TLV: 5 mg/m3, - ppm, as TWA; 10 mg/m3 as STEL; Hazard via Dermal route (workers): DNEL (Derived No Effect Level) 11 mg/kg bw/day [4] Hazard via Inhalation route (general population): Hazard via Dermal route (general population): DNEL (Derived No Effect Level) 5.5 mg/kg bw/day [4] Hazard via Oral route (general population): DNEL (Derived No Effect Level) 5.5 mg/kg bw/day [4] |
Drinking water MAC |
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Other information |
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Animal toxicity data |
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Acute toxicity (LD50) |
rat female (oral) LD50>5000 mg/kg body weight [3] rat male/female (inhalation) LC50 > 4.3 mg/L [3] |
Chronic toxicity (NOEL, LOEL) |
cat male/female (oral) NOAEL > 78 g/cat (9 weeks) [5] |
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS |
|
EINECS regulation |
EINECS #: 231-176-9 [11] |
OSHA regulations etc. |
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OTHER INFORMATION, SPECIAL REMARKS |
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CREATED, LAST UPDATE |
|
created |
9th April 2018 |
updated |
19th June 2018 |
REFERENCES |
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[1] NIH, US National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Open Chemistry Database, Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/115139#section=Top, Accessed: 9th April 2018 [2] NIH, US National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Open Chemistry Database Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/115139 , Accessed: 9th April 2018 [3] Human Metabolome Database, Zirconium (HMDB), Available from: http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0001475, Accessed: 9th April 201 [4] European Chemicals Agency - ECHA, Zirconium, Available from: https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13595/11, Accessed: 9th April 201 [5] Koljonen T. (1992) Results of the mapping. In The Geochemical Atlas of Finland, part 2: Till (ed. T.Koljonen), pp. 106-217. Geological Survey of Finland. [6] Ivanov VK, Tsyb AF. (1996) The Chernobyl accident and radiation risks: dynamics of epidemiological rates (morbidity, disability and death rates) according to the data in the antional registry. World Health Sta Q. 49 (1): 22-8 [7] The Mineralogy of Zirconium, Available from: https://www.mindat.org/element/Zirconium, Accessed: 9th April 201 [8] NIH, Toxicology Data Network, TOXNET, Available from: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2/f?./temp/~zZlIUP:3, Accessed: 9th April 201 [9] O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1891 [10] Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 4-100 [11] IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Zirconium. (October 2004). Available from: http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1405.htm, Accessed: 9th April 201 [12] Nielsen RH, Wilfing G; Zirconium and Zirconium compounds. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 7th ed. (1999-2015). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: 15 Apr 2010 |